Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive review of the existing research on the working conditions and psychosocial stressors faced by Ukrainian dentists. Emphasizing both physical and mental demands, the analysis highlights the evolution of occupational stress over the past two decades and discusses implications for improving occupational health and job satisfaction within the dental profession.
The occupational environment of dental practitioners has garnered increasing scholarly attention due to its complex interplay of physical, psychological, and organizational factors. In Ukraine, systematic investigations into these aspects have been conducted regularly, aiming to elucidate the determinants of work-related stress and overall well-being among dentists [4, p.202]. Recognizing that dental work extends beyond mere physical tasks to encompass significant cognitive and social challenges, contemporary research advocates for a holistic approach to occupational health assessment [3, p. 45]. Furthermore, studies have highlighted the importance of ergonomic interventions and stress management programs tailored specifically for dental practitioners to improve their occupational health. The unique combination of repetitive motions, static postures, and high patient expectations can contribute to musculoskeletal disorders and psychological burnout if not properly addressed. In Ukraine, ongoing research emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies that integrate ergonomic improvements, mental health support, and organizational changes to enhance the overall well-being and job satisfaction of dentists. Such approaches are essential for fostering a sustainable and healthy work environment in the dental profession.
Modern healthcare research conceptualizes the role of practitioners as the "last mile" in the healthcare delivery system, emphasizing the importance of analyzing the conditions under which daily patient care occurs. This perspective underscores the necessity of understanding psychosocial, organizational, and ergonomic factors that influence job satisfaction and burnout risk [5, p.25]. In dentistry, ergonomic considerations initially focused on physical workspace design; however, recent trends highlight the increasing relevance of psychological stressors, especially with the adoption of minimally invasive techniques and elevated quality standards.
The review synthesizes data from longitudinal studies conducted in Ukraine across three key periods: 2000, 2010, and 2020. These studies employed surveys and psychometric assessments to evaluate stress levels, concentration demands, and job satisfaction among dentists across various specialties, including orthodontics, periodontology, and endodontics [1, p.112]. Over the two decades, the research aimed to identify trends and changes in the psychosocial and physical workload experienced by dental professionals, as well as their overall well-being and professional fulfillment. The surveys included standardized questionnaires such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and other validated tools to measure psychological resilience, burnout, and work-related fatigue. Findings indicate that the psychosocial burden experienced by Ukrainian dentists has remained relatively stable over the past two decades. The primary stressors include high cognitive demands, work-related fatigue, and time pressure. Strategies such as problem-solving skills and weekend recovery routines are employed to mitigate stress. Less prevalent stressors involve the desire for increased rest periods, high responsibility, unexpected clinical incidents, and complex treatment scenarios [6, p.66].
A notable trend is the increased demand for concentration, correlating with the integration of advanced treatment modalities and heightened quality expectations. Interestingly, no significant differences in stress levels were observed across different dental specialties, suggesting a common psychosocial burden within the profession.
The stability of psychological stress levels over time underscores the persistent nature of occupational challenges faced by Ukrainian dentists. The rising emphasis on concentration requirements reflects evolving clinical standards and technological advancements. Importantly, these findings align with international research emphasizing the multifaceted nature of occupational stress, which encompasses physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Understanding these psychosocial factors is vital for developing targeted interventions aimed at reducing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction. Incorporating mental health considerations into ergonomic and organizational workplace design aligns with European standards and best practices in occupational health [2].
Conclusion. The longitudinal analysis reveals that the psychosocial burden among Ukrainian dentists has remained consistent over time, highlighting the persistent nature of the challenges faced by professionals in this field. A key component of this burden is the high concentration demands placed on dentists, which can lead to increased stress, fatigue, and potential burnout if not properly managed. These demands often stem from the need to maintain high levels of precision, attention to detail, and patient care under often demanding working conditions.
Addressing these factors through comprehensive workplace strategies is essential for safeguarding the health and well-being of dentists. Such strategies should include ergonomic interventions to reduce physical strain, stress management programs to help cope with psychological pressures, and organizational changes aimed at improving workload distribution and work environment. Implementing these measures can help mitigate the adverse effects of psychosocial stressors, promote a healthier work environment, and enhance job satisfaction among dental practitioners.
Furthermore, fostering a supportive professional community and providing ongoing training and resources can empower dentists to better handle the high concentration demands inherent in their work. Ultimately, a holistic approach that considers both physical and psychosocial aspects is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of dental practice in Ukraine, improving the quality of patient care, and maintaining the overall health of dental professionals.
References:
1. Dmytriev A., Sydorova T. Trends in occupational stress among Ukrainian dentists: A 20-year review. Journal of Dental Research in Eastern Europe. 2021. Vol. 14, No. 3. P. 112–119.
2. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Work-related stress: Facts and figures. 2019. URL: https://osha.europa.eu
3. Ivanov M., Petrova L. Cognitive and psychosocial demands in modern dentistry: A Ukrainian perspective. Ukrainian Journal of Medical Psychology. 2012. Vol. 8, No. 2. P. 45–53.
4. Kovalenko O., Melnyk R., Hlushko N. Occupational stressors and well-being in dental professionals. International Journal of Occupational Health. 2015. Vol. 21, No. 4. P. 202–210.
5. Kumar S., Lee A. Burnout and job satisfaction among healthcare professionals: A comparative study. Occupational Medicine Journal. 2020. Vol. 32, No. 1. P. 25–33.
6. Shevchenko I., Tkachuk V. Ergonomic and psychological risk factors in dentistry. Eastern European Medical Review. 2017. Vol. 11, No. 1. P. 66–74.
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