Abstract
The article describes the phenomenon of the health cult as a socio-cultural phenomenon of modernity, identifies the scientific foundations of health physiology and valeology, their integration into the practice of medical rehabilitation and sports. Analyzes statistical data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and international sports organizations on the level of physical activity and health status of the population. It is substantiated that the combination of physiological and valeological approaches creates a basis for the formation of new models of prevention, restoration and optimization of human functional reserves. Shows the importance of a healthy lifestyle culture as a key element in the training of future specialists in physical therapy and sports.
Keywords: health, physiology of health, valeology, rehabilitation, sports, health cult, physical therapy, health-preserving technologies.
Introduction
Health is a fundamental value of human life and social development. Over the past decades, a new socio-cultural paradigm has been forming in the world - the cult of health, which involves the awareness of individual and social well-being through the preservation, maintenance and strengthening of physical, mental and social health. Modern approaches to medical rehabilitation and sports integrate the achievements of physiology, valeology, sociology, pedagogy and psychology, forming an integrated vision of health as a multidimensional phenomenon.
Health is one of the leading social and individual values, and its preservation and increase is a key condition for human life. According to the WHO definition: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” [1].
This definition emphasizes the multidimensionality of the health phenomenon and goes beyond the purely medical model and views the cult of health as a comprehensive approach to understanding health, which includes not only the absence of disease, but also positive well-being in all areas of human life.
The main aspects of health according to WHO are: Physical health (A state of being in good health and free from infirmity or disease). Mental health (A person's ability to realize their own potential, cope with the stresses of life, work productively and make a contribution to society). Social health (Harmonious relationships with others, the ability to communicate effectively and build social communication). These three aspects are closely interrelated, and to achieve overall well-being, it is necessary to maintain a balance between them [2].
Modern researchers supplement it with spiritual, ecological and adaptive components, and also emphasize the dynamic balance between the organism and the environment. Thus, health is interpreted not only as an individual state, but also as a social value that requires a comprehensive approach to its preservation and strengthening.
The relevance of the topic is due to a number of factors: the global spread of non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, oncological), which account for over 70% of mortality according to WHO; a decrease in a level of physical activity of the population; the growth of the social significance of sports as a tool for forming a healthy lifestyle; the need to improve the system of medical rehabilitation, focused on the quality of life of the patient, and not only on the treatment of pathologies.
The purpose of the article is to highlight the relationship between the cult of health, the physiology of health and valeology, as well as to determine their place in the system of medical rehabilitation and sports.
In the society, the so-called "cult of health" is being formed, which is expressed in people's desire for active longevity, harmonious development, disease prevention and improvement of the quality of life. The scientific basis of this phenomenon is the physiology of health and valeology, which consider health as a holistic phenomenon that combines biological, psychological and social aspects. In rehabilitation and sports, these areas are of particular importance, because they provide scientifically based methods for restoring the functions of organs and systems, sanogenic restructuring of the body at the level of pathomorphology and pathophysiology with the maximum possible return to normal life after injuries and other pathological conditions, increasing adaptive capabilities and achieving high results of physical performance [3].
In the second half of the 20th century and especially at the beginning of the 21st century the society began to actively form the idea of health as the main life value. The "cult of health" involves not only a medical interpretation of health as the absence of diseases, but also an understanding of it as an active resource for personal development.
The main characteristics of this phenomenon are: orientation towards a healthy lifestyle; increased attention to nutrition, physical activity, psycho-emotional stability; the spread of mass fitness cultures, sports recreation, medical and health practices; increased personal responsibility for their own health.
Thus, the cult of health is an important ideology of modern society, integrating medicine, sports, education and social practices and realizing the problem of physical inactivity in the world's population.
Health physiology is a relatively new scientific direction that focuses on the study of mechanisms for ensuring normal vital activity of the human body, its adaptive capabilities and reserves.
The main provisions of health physiology are based on the definition of "normal" and "optimal" functional state; study of the patterns of reactions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous systems to physical and psycho-emotional stress; study of mechanisms of stress resistance, recovery and regeneration; use of physiological criteria for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation and training.
In sports, health physiology determines the limits of working capacity and reserves of the body, which allows building individual training programs. In medical rehabilitation, it is the basis of functional diagnostics and control over the dynamics of recovery.
Valeology is an interdisciplinary science about the formation, preservation and strengthening of health. It combines knowledge of medicine, normal anatomy and physiology of organs and systems, pathomorphology and pathophysiology as variants of deviation from the norm, biology, psychology, pedagogy and sociology, the cult of a healthy lifestyle, sports and active recreation.
The main tasks of valeology are to identify factors that influence human health; develop a system of preventive measures; form a valeological culture of life, working capacity and active recreation, create methods for monitoring individual health.
Valeology acts as a bridge between medical science and the practice of a healthy lifestyle, providing a theoretical and methodological basis for sports training and medical rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation medicine is focused not only on treatment, but also on restoring working capacity, preventing complications and improving the quality of life of patients. In this process, valeology acts as a bridge between the physiological capabilities of a healthy organism in normal conditions and in recreational sports, as well as a mechanism for sanogenic restructuring of the organism after sports and household injuries in everyday life and in sports, as well as after illnesses. Therefore, the physiology of health and valeology go hand in hand in the rehabilitation process. The physiology of health enables to assess the body's reserves, monitor the effectiveness of physical therapy and occupational therapy programs. Valeology provides a conceptual basis for motivating patients, involving them in a healthy lifestyle, and forming in them responsibility for their own health. Thus, the combination of these sciences creates conditions for comprehensive rehabilitation that goes beyond traditional medicine.
Sports activities require constant monitoring of the health of athletes and prevention of overload. Valeological principles in sports provide: control of the adequacy of training loads; timely correction of the rest and nutrition regime; psychological support and motivation formation; prevention of sports injuries and chronic overloads. As a result, valeology helps not only to improve sports results, but also to ensure a long-term sports career with reasonable regulation of physical activity and recovery periods.
Valeology is the science of preserving, strengthening and developing human health. It combines the achievements of medicine, physiology, psychology, pedagogy and sociology, forming a holistic vision of health as a physical, mental and social resource. Unlike classical medicine, which is focused on the treatment of pathologies, valeology focuses on the prevention of diseases and maintaining the optimal functional state of the body. Therefore, the principles of health preservation are mandatory by default for both sports and rehabilitation sessions. It is here that it is important to adhere to the main principle of medicine: “Do no harm!” [4].
The term “valeology” was proposed by I. Brekhman in the 1980s. In his concept, valeology acts as an integrative science focused on a healthy person, not on illness. In Ukraine, valeology is actively integrated into school and university education, as well as into medical rehabilitation and sports programs.
As for health preservation, the main principles of valeology are distinguished:
1. Preventiveness - the focus on preventing the development of diseases.
2. Integrity - a comprehensive perception of health, which includes physical, mental and social components.
3. Individual activity - a person's conscious participation in the formation of his own health.
4. Adaptability - the body's ability to adapt to environmental conditions and stress factors.
Health-preserving technologies are systems of methods, programs, and practices that contribute to the preservation and improvement of health. They include:
• Physical technologies: systematic physical activity, movement practices, kinesiotherapy, physiotherapy procedures.
• Psychological technologies: psychoprophylaxis of stress, relaxation techniques, cognitive-behavioural support.
• Pedagogical and educational technologies: valeological education at school, university and in the workplace.
• Social technologies: formation of a health-preserving environment in the family, team, society.
Valeological programs are applied in practice in various aspects of our lives: Education: integration of valeology into academic disciplines, formation of a culture of a healthy lifestyle among students. Medical rehabilitation: reduction of recovery times after injuries and illnesses, prevention of complications. Sports and physical culture: optimization of training loads, prevention of overtraining, development of endurance and psychophysiological reserves [5].
According to recent studies, the integration of valeology and health-preserving technologies has a positive impact on the formation of a health cult, namely, it increases the population's awareness of a healthy lifestyle by 25–30%; increases the level of regular physical activity by 20–25%; reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases by 15–20%; improves the psycho-emotional state and the level of social adaptation.
Valeology and health-preserving technologies are key tools for forming a health culture in modern society. They provide preventive, adaptive and educational effects, are integrated into rehabilitation and sports training, contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle and optimization of human functional reserves.
The cult of health, physiology of health and valeology constitute the triune basis of modern human science. They complement each other, forming the concept of active longevity, harmonious development and preservation of working capacity.
In medical rehabilitation, their combination allows to achieve higher efficiency of recovery programs, and in sports – to ensure optimization of the training process and prevention of overloads.
Thus, the integration of valeology and physiology of health into the practice of health care, rehabilitation and sports is a necessary condition for the development of modern medicine and physical culture. The cult of health forms an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Physiology of health provides an understanding of adaptations and reserves of the body. Valeology forms a holistic vision of health. In rehabilitation, the combination of physiology and valeology shortens recovery and reduces complications. In sports, they optimize training programs and injury prevention.
References
1. Pavlyuk P. Valeology, or an attack on the mind. Kyiv, 1999.
2. World Health Organization. Global status report on physical activity 2022. — Geneva: WHO, 2022.
3. Gregory Kolt & Mark Andersen Psychology in the Physical and Manual Therapies. Churchill Livingstone : 2004. ISBN-13: 978-0443073526.
4. Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Report on the State of Health of the Population of Ukraine, 2023. Kyiv: Ministry of Health, 2023.
5. Potapova L. Philosophical and theoretical aspects of valeology. Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, 2014.
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