Since ancient times, various plants have been used as a means of treatment and prevention of diseases. Even nowadays, with the development of the pharmaceutical industry, natural components in the composition of medicines are a rather popular area of research. Any synthetic substance can harm the body, including the oral cavity. In dentistry, a herbal product called Misvak is most often used - a cheap and effective means of maintaining oral hygiene. In many countries it is very common, although in others it is completely unknown. [1]
Tea is famous all over the world. It is difficult to find a person who has not heard of such a drink. We use it not for the purpose of prevention or treatment of dental diseases, but to the extent that the frequency of tea consumption is too great, and passing through the oral cavity, it in any case affects both the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity . In the presence of diseases, tea affects the course of the pathological process. Studies show that on average, 3 billion cups of tea are consumed per day in the world, most of which comes from China. [2]
Tea leaves are available in various forms, depending on the processing methods - green tea, black tea, oolong, pu-erh, white tea, yellow tea, etc. The difference between black and green tea is the fermentation process. This process contributes to the oxidation of polyphenols and their condensation. They are present in large quantities in green tea. The most interesting are catechins, known as tannins. [3] They are considered the source of the main biological properties of green tea: catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), and gallocatechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechin gallate (CG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG). But green tea contains the most EGCG and EGC [4]
First of all, it should be said that green tea is a strong antioxidant. Polyphenols are capable of neutralizing free radicals released during various biochemical processes in the oral cavity. This function is important in maintaining periodontal health. Recent studies show that green tea consumption is inversely proportional to the development of periodontal tissue diseases. That is, people who drink green tea quite often - at home, at work, on a break - are less susceptible to gingivitis and periodontitis. This is due to the presence of catechins in the composition, which will limit the development of anaerobic bacteria that live in the gingival sulcus (or pocket) - Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. [5]
One of the main complaints of patients when visiting a dentist is bad breath, halitosis. The reason for this is the presence of sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, methyl mercaptan) in the oral cavity, which is formed as a result of the activity of anaerobic gram-negative microorganisms. [6] They break down food residues, components of saliva, epithelial cells and blood, as a result of proteolytic reactions to the above-mentioned compounds. The well-known antimicrobial properties of green tea can suppress the growth of bacteria, which, as a result, reduces the level of volatile sulfur compounds.[7]
Can tea prevent caries? As you know, caries is a local necro-biotic process that occurs after the eruption of a tooth, as a result of the activity of microorganisms. The leading role belongs to streptococcus mutants, as it is the most studied and has many cariogenic properties. Oral antimicrobial peptides are known to inhibit bacterial activity. [8] In recent years, scientists have come to the conclusion that it is the components of green tea that inhibit the fermentative activity of bacteria, which slows down demineralization. Green tea leaves are rich in fluorine, which has a direct anti-caries activity - inhibits the growth of bacteria, and participates in the re-mineralization of enamel, after which the latter becomes resistant to caries. [9]
So, green tea is one of the most common drinks with an antibacterial effect. Recent studies show the anticancer activity of green tea components in vitro. [10] Of course, additional clinical studies are needed in order to reliably say about the severity of the therapeutic effect and possible side effects, requirements for the composition of polyesters and contraindications. But we can say with confidence that daily consumption of this drink helps in the prevention of caries, diseases of periodontal tissues and eliminates unpleasant odor from the oral cavity.
1.Sofrata A, Lingström P, Baljoon M, Gustafsson A. The effect of miswak extract on plaque pH. An in vivo study. Caries Res 2007; 41(6): 451-4.
2.Chen L, Zhou ZX. Variations of main quality components of tea genetic resources [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] preserved in the China National Germplasm Tea Repository. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2005; 60(1): 31-5. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-005-2540-1] [PMID: 15898357]
3.Mahmood T, Akhtar N, Khan BA. The morphology, characteristics, and medicinal properties of Camellia sinensis’ tea. J Med Plants Res 2010; 4(19): 2028-33.
4.Chen Kong, Huili Zhang, Lingfeng Li & Zhihui Liu (2022) Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on oral disease-associated microbes: a review, Journal of Oral Microbiology, 14:1, 2131117, DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2131117
5.Makimura M, Hirasawa M, Kobayashi K, et al. Inhibitory effect of tea catechins on collagenase activity. J Periodontol 1993; 64(7): 630-6. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.7.630] [PMID: 8396176]
6.Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodontol 1977; 48(1): 13-20. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1977.48.1.13] [PMID: 264535]
7.Liao S, Kao YH, Hiipakka RA. Green tea: biochemical and biological basis for health benefits. Vitam Horm 2001; 62: 1-94. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0083-6729(01)62001-6] [PMID: 11345896]
8.Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Sheikh Z, Najeeb S, Shahab S, Zafar MS. Oral Antimicrobial Peptides: Types and Role in the Oral Cavity. Saudi Pharmaceut J 2015. [In press] [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.015.]
9.Zafar MS. Effects of surface pre-reacted glass particles on fluoride release of dental restorative materials. World Appl Sci J 2013; 28(4): 457-62.
10.Vyas T, Nagi R, Bhatia A, et al. Therapeutic effects of green tea as an antioxidant on oral health- A review. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Nov;10 (11):3998–4001.
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