F. de Saussure emphasized the importance of stable phrases, stating that "there are many expressions that are part of the language: they are combinations of words that do not change, even when the individual significant parts can be separated according to their meaning."
The most popular uses of phraseology in movies are to create characters with a strong personality and to create humorous or witty dialogue in comedies.
Some linguistic and cultural features of phraseological units in English films:
●Regional differences.
●Pop culture reference.
●Cultural stereotypes.
●Idiomatic expressions.
●Historical references.
Translating English phraseological units into Ukrainian requires a number of methods and strategies. Here are some of them: literal translation, loose translation, tracing translation, semantic translation, cultural adaptation, and a combination of methods.
Let's consider some ways of translating English phraseological units into Ukrainian in more detail.
Phraseological equivalent
For example, you can hear the phrase "the devil is in the details" in the movie "The Godfather". It means that small details can cause big problems. To translate it, the translator could use the equivalent "trouble is in the small things" (á³äà â äð³áíèöÿõ).
The descriptive translation aims to convey the essence of the original text.
For example, in the same film, there was a phraseology "make him an offer he can't refuse". A descriptive translation of this phrase in Ukrainian could be "Çðîáèòè éîìó ïðîïîçèö³þ,â³ä ÿêî¿ â³í íå çìîæå â³äìîâèòèñü."
A comparative analysis of English-language films and their translation involves the study of similarities and differences. The following aspects can be analyzed:
●Translation accuracy
●Language and style
●Cultural references
●Localization
●Editing
●Voiceover and subtit
Let's consider several examples of translating phraseological units methods from the movie "The Godfather" and compare them with each other.
English phraseological unit: "to bury the hatchet"
Literal translation: ïîõîâàòè ñîêèðó
Calculated translation: ïðèìèðèòèñÿ, ïðèïèíèòè âîðîæíå÷ó
English phraseological unit: "to be on the same page"
Literal translation: áóòè íà îäí³é ñòîð³íö³
Calculated translation: ðîçóì³òè îäèí îäíîãî, ìàòè ñï³ëüíó äóìêó
English phraseological unit: "to kick the bucket"
Literal translation: êîïíóòè â³äðî
Calculated translation: ïîìåðòè
Table 1 – Ways of translating phraseological units in English-language films
After conducting a comparative analysis of English-language films in cinemas and their translation into Ukrainian, several conclusions can be drawn:
Most of the phraseological units in the analyzed films were translated using a descriptive approach. This is probably due to the fact that a descriptive translation allows more accurately conveying the meaning and cultural nuances of the original phrase.
The use of tracing as a translation strategy was low, indicating that translators tend to avoid it because it can lead to a loss of the meaning.
So, it was determined that a phraseological unit is a stable phrase that arises as a result of metaphorization or semantic actualization of its components [1, p.12]. Sources of phraseology are sayings and proverbs, aphorisms, anecdotes, puns and paradoxes, professionalisms, language clichés and clichés.
Using different translation methods can affect the overall quality and accuracy of the translation. Therefore, when choosing a specific technique, it is extremely important to take into account the context, the target audience and the purpose of the translation.
References:
1.Avksentiev L. G. Modern Ukrainian language. Phraseology: Education. study guide philologist. facts 2nd ed., add. and processing. /L. G. Avksentiev / Kharkiv: Higher School, 1988. 134 p.
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