Feral people (from Latin ferus - wild) are human children who from an early age lived out of contact with people and practically did not experience care and love from another person, had no experience of social behavior and communication. Such children, abandoned by their parents, are raised by animals or live in isolation. The human is realized through the social and biological in a person. Children (feral or Mowgli children) who grow up from an early age in conditions of social isolation lose their humanity. [1] A feral child is a person who is almost an animal. If a child falls out of society at an early stage of its life, it leads to an inability to live among people and the child quickly dies. [2] The conditions of existence in an animal or isolated environment, the peculiarities of food consumption, etc. significantly affect not only the development of the nervous system, but also the musculoskeletal system due to changes in the body position in space throughout the life of a feral human.
The aim of our study is to determine the morphometric features of the feral human skull and to determine the influence of the environment on the formation of skull bones, especially its facial part.
Materials and methods.
The study was conducted on a feral human skull taken from the museum collection of the Department of Human Anatomy at Kharkiv National Medical University. The skull in question belonged to a female person aged 15-18 years. It is known that the girl was under constant care in a psychiatric hospital in Kharkiv in the late 1890s. She led an animal lifestyle from early childhood, moved on four limbs and ate grass. She died of intestinal obstruction and related complications due to the consumption of excessive amounts of dry grass.
The skull was measured using measuring instruments such as ordinary and angle rulers, a protractor, a goniometer, a caliper, and a measuring compass.
Results and discussion.
In order to determine the craniotype of the feral human, we measured the length and width of the skull and calculated the main cranial index. It was determined that the length of the skull is 155 mm and the width is 126 mm. Thus, the transverse-longitudinal index of the skull was determined to be 81.3, which allowed us to classify it as a brachiocephalic form.
In the course of determining the features of the facial part of the skull of the feral human, we measured the distance from the incisor opening to the line connecting the canines and the size between the incisor opening and the line connecting the occipital condyles. It was found that these dimensions in the feral human with a brachiocephalic head shape are 17 mm and 98 mm, respectively. Moreover, there is also an inclination of the incisors, which are slightly curved forward, but they are closed and a very pronounced diastema is determined between them.
Additionally, we measured the angle from the cellular prominence of the upper medial incisor, the border between the contact and parietal surfaces of the medial incisors, and the cellular prominence of the lower medial incisor. It was established that, in the skull of the feral human, it is equal to 112 degrees, which, in our opinion, is due to the horizontal position of the body in space.
It was determined that the angle between the closest surfaces of the medial incisors to the right orbital foramen of the feral human is 50 degrees and to the left - 51 degrees. It was also found that the distance between the closest surfaces of the medial incisors to the suborbital foramen on the right side is equal to 45 mm, which is 3 mm greater than on the left.
Similarly, the angle of the lower jaw of the feral human was determined to have changed significantly, namely, it became much blunter and, due to this, the facial part of the skull was lengthened. The study also revealed that in the mandible, the angle between the condylar process, the mandibular notch, and the coronal process on the skull of the feral human is 46 and 47 degrees on the right and left sides, respectively. These indicators show a significant elongation of all parts of the facial skull of the feral human.
During the examination of the teeth, the presence of plaque, significant abrasion, which does not correspond to the age of 16-18 years, and elongation of the canines are noted. This is due to the peculiarities of the diet of the feral human it indicates the consumption of roughage.
A significant thickening of the zygomatic ridge and mandibular branch was also found. Given that these cranial structures are the place of origin and attachment of the masseter muscle, it can be assumed that it was very developed, which is also combined with the dietary habits of the feral human.
In the course of our study, it was determined that the occipital condyles had significantly increased, which is associated with the load to maintain the head in space due to the constantly tilted downward facial skull. This confirms the fact that the person in question was eating without the participation of the upper extremities.
Conclusions.
Thus, it was determined that the skull of the feral human, especially its facial section, has undergone significant changes and differs from the norm, which is associated with the lifestyle and diet of the feral human.
List of references:
1. Slabko, S. M. (2016). The essence and content of human legal personality: theoretical, historical and international aspects. Young scientist, 40(12.1), 615.
2. Lebedenko, S. O., & Smirnov, V. A. (2013). Socialization of youth in the context of pedagogical problems.
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