Relevance. Mating cows is a global problem that causes significant economic damage to dairy farming. The global dairy industry loses about $35 billion annually to mastitis. According to the data of native authors, the disease of cows with mastitis covers from 10 to 70% of the herd, and 8-16% of cows get ill twice or more during lactation. The number of cows with subclinical mastitis is 3-5 times higher than the number of animals with clinical forms of mastitis [1].
The main remedies for the treatment of mastitis animals remain antibiotic-based drugs. However, the widespread use of such preparations has negative consequences - the presence of their residues in whole milk impairs its technological properties and harms human health. Therefore, in recent years, scientific research on the use of liposomal preparations that do not contain antibiotics, contribute to the prevention of disease relapse and maximize the restoration of milk productivity has significantly expanded [2, 3].
The aim of the work was to investigate changes in leucocytic and biochemical blood parameters in cows with clinical inflammatory process of the mammary gland when using a liposomal preparation based on ethylthiosulfanilate (ETS) developed by the Institute of Animal Biology, NAAS.
Materials and research methodology. The experience was conducted in the farm «Podilska Marka» of Kamianets-Podilskyi district of Khmelnytskyi region on two groups of cows, which were divided into control and experimental groups of 5 animals in each according to the principle of analogy. Control group – healthy animals, experimental group – cows with catarrhal form of mastitis. Animals of the experimental group were injected intramuscularly three times at 24-hour intervals with a liposomal preparation based on ethylthiosulfanilate at a dose of 20 ml per animal.
The material for laboratory tests was blood of cows on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after the beginning of the experiment.
In whole blood the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the Goryaev chamber grid, hemoglobin content by hemoglobin cyanide method, and the ratio of individual leukocyte forms were determined; total protein by bourette reaction according to generally accepted reference methods [4].
Research results. The process of inflammation consists of a number of biochemical and morphological reactions. In the focus of damage, a specific cooperation of cells is formed. Catarrhal inflammation of the udder in cows was accompanied by certain changes in the hematological parameters of peripheral blood. In particular, there was a tendency to reduce the number of red blood cells and the hemoglobin content. The number of leukocytes in sick cows was 57.3% more (p<0.01) than in animals of the control group, which indicates a pronounced leukocytosis, which is a clear indicator of the development of the inflammatory process in the body of animals. When determining the content of total protein in the serum of cows with catarrhal mastitis, its decrease by 6.0% (p<0.05) compared with animals of the control group was stated, which is also a sign of inflammation.
Intramuscular injection of liposomal preparation based on ethylthiosulfanilate into experimental cows on the 7th day after treatment start, decrease of general leukocytes number by 18% and increase of general protein content in blood serum by 14% (p<0,001) in comparison with the level fixed on the 1st day of experiment were stated. At the same time, on the 7th day after the start of treatment the content of total protein was 7% (p<0,05) higher compared to its content in the blood serum of the control group animals. These changes testify to the normalizing effect of the studied liposomal preparation.
The number of segmented neutrophils in the blood of mastitis sick cows, as compared to clinically healthy ones, increased by 1.3 times, and the number of stabular granulocytes by 1.7 times. These data indicate neutrophilic leukocytosis in the blood of sick cows, which indicates an acute course of the disease. At the same time, pronounced lymphopenia was recorded in animals with clinical manifestations of mastitis, which indicates a decrease in body resistance. The number of lymphocytes in sick animals was lower at the beginning of the experiment (p<0,001) and on the 3rd day (p<0,05) compared to clinically healthy animals.
Threefold intramuscular injection of liposomal preparation on the basis of ethylthiosulfanilate resulted in decrease of neutrophils granulocytes number and increase of lymphocytes number on the 3rd (p<0,05) and 7th day (p<0,001) of the experiment in comparison with the index before treatment start. The results obtained indicate the extinction of the inflammatory process in sick cows.
Conclusion. The results of experimental studies indicate that clinical mastitis is accompanied by significant changes in hematological parameters. In particular, a decrease in the number of erythrocytes and the content of hemoglobin and total protein, neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphopenia were recorded in clinically sick animals. The use of a liposomal preparation based on ethylthiosulfanilate in the treatment of cows with clinical catarrhal mastitis ensured their recovery and contributed to an increase in total protein and hemoglobin compared to the control group.
References:
1. Chepurna V.A., Suprovych T.M., Vishchur O.I., Mudrak D.I. The state of non-specific resistance in patients with cow mastitis under the action of liposomal drug. Scientific and Technical Bulletin (State Research Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives) and the Institute of Animal Biology. Lviv, 2018. ¹19(2). P.42-46.
2. Borodina V., Goncharenko V. Effectiveness of treatment of cows with subclinical mastitis with drugs for intra-cisternal use. Scientific works of the Southern Branch of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine «Crimean Agrotechnological University». Veterinary sciences. 2013. Vol.51. P.148-154.
3. Chepurna V.A. Effect of liposomal preparation «Limanin» on blood parameters of cows with subclinical mastitis. Agrarian science and information in the minds of the Eurointegration. 2018. Ternopil: Krok. ¹2. P.105-107.
4. Laboratory methods of investigation in biology, creation and veterinary medicine: guide / edited by V. Vlizlo. Lviv: SPOLOM, 2012.
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